UPCONVERSION NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. However, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a significant concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have attracted considerable atten